Supercomputer is a computer that is at the frontline of current processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation. Supercomputers introduced in the 1960s were designed primarily by Seymour Cray at Control Data Corporation (CDC), and led the market into the 1970s until Cray left to form his own company, Cray Research.
He then took over the supercomputer market with his new designs, holding the top spot in supercomputing for five years (1985–1990). In the 1980s a large number of smaller competitors entered the market, in parallel to the creation of the minicomputer market a decade earlier, but many of these disappeared in the mid-1990s "supercomputer market crash".
Today, supercomputers are typically one-of-a-kind custom designs produced by "traditional" companies such as Cray, IBM and Hewlett-Packard, who had purchased many of the 1980s companies to gain their experience. As of May 2008[update], the IBM Roadrunner, located at Los Alamos National Laboratory, is the fastest supercomputer in the world.
The term supercomputer itself is rather fluid, and today's supercomputer tends to become tomorrow's ordinary computer. CDC's early machines were simply very fast scalar processors, some ten times the speed of the fastest machines offered by other companies. In the 1970s most supercomputers were dedicated to running a vector processor, and many of the newer players developed their own such processors at a lower price to enter the market. The early and mid-1980s saw machines with a modest number of vector processors working in parallel to become the standard. Typical numbers of processors were in the range of four to sixteen. In the later 1980s and 1990s, attention turned from vector processors to massive parallel processing systems with thousands of "ordinary" CPUs, some being off the shelf units and others being custom designs. Today, parallel designs are based on "off the shelf" server-class microprocessors, such as the PowerPC, Opteron, or Xeon, and most modern supercomputers are now highly-tuned computer clusters using commodity processors combined with custom interconnects.
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A court in sweden has jailed 4 men behind the Pirate Bay [TPB], the world's most high profile file sharing website.Fredric Neij, Gottfrid Svartholm Warg,Carl Lundstorm and Peter Sunde were found guilty of breaking copyright law and were senteced to a year in jail.
They were also ordered to pay 30 million konor [2.4 million pounds sterling] in damages.The damages were awarded to a number of entertainment companies, includuing warner bros , Sony music entertainment, EMI, and Columbia Picyures.
The pirate Bay was set up in 2003 by anti-copyright organisation,Pirate bryn , but for last 5 years, it has been run by indivisuals.millions of files are exchanged using servise everyday.
No copyright content is hostedon the Pirate Bay's web servers;instead the site hosts "torrent" links to TV ,Film and music files held on its users computers.
Critics of the trail say that swedish authorities only brought the case because of pressure from the US film industry
A JAPANESE research team said it had created a technology that could eventually display on a computer screen what people have on their minds,such as dreams.
While the team for the ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories succeded in processing and displaying images directly from the human brain, they said in a study unveiled ahead of publication in the US magazine Neuron.
While the team for now has managed to reproduce only simple images from the brain, they said the technology could eventually be used to figure out dreams and other secrets inside people's minds.
"it was the first in the world that it was possible to visualise what people see directly from the brain activity,"the private institute said in a statment. By applying this technology, it may become possible to record and reply subjective images that people perceive like dreams."
When people look at an object, the eye's retina recognises an images that is converted into electrical signals which go into the brain's visual cortex. The team, led by chief researches Yukiyasu Kamitani, succeeded in catching the signals and then reconstructing what people see. In their experiment, the researchers showed people the six letters in the word "neutron" and then succeeded in reconstructing the letters on a computer screen by measuring their brain activity.
The team said that it first figured ou t people's individual brain patterns by showing them some 400 different still images.
ONE of Silicon Valley's most prominent venture capital firms unveiled plans to put as many as 50,000 electric cars on American roads beginning late next year. The announcement of a new joint venture by Kleiner Perkins Caufield and Byers, which has in the past backed internet companies such as Google Inc. and Amazon.com Inc., could make the famed tech region south of San Francisco a mecca for plug-in cars as well.
To be based in Menlo Park,California, 'Think North America' will bring together Kleinder with clean technology-focused venture capital firm RockPort Capital Managment and 'Think Global',a Norwegian electric car marker.
The joint venture's first product will be "think city ", an emission free,95 % recyclable car with a max speed of 65 miles per hour.lane said he expects the think city, which will be priced under $25000, to compete with toyota motor corp's popular prius hybrid. It will also be a low-end rival to Tesla Motor's high-profile Roadster, the all-electric luxury sports car also made in Silicon Valley that began regular production last month after several delays.More than 1,000 customers have ordered the $100,000 Roadsters, according to the company.
Tesla has said it plans to gradually ramp up productiong, making more than 100 Roadsters a month by early next year. Now made in Norway, Think City- about the size of a Toyota Yaris or Honda Fit- runs on sodium or lithium batteries and can travel up to 110 miles(177 km) on one charge. "This is not a toy, this is a serious car that is able to be mass-produced and sold," said RockPort general managing partner Wilber James.
Think City's battery takes about three hours to recharge if plugged in daily, or eight hours if the battery is drained.
GM wants to introduce a plug-in hybrid, the Chevrolet Volt, by the end of 2010.
Venture capitalist have been investing heavily in the "cleantech" sector of alternative energz, transportation, construction, recycling and other technologies.
Is Mozilla Firefox web browser is your favorite? Want to use the web browser Mozilla made on your smartphone? Now you can use the web browser Mozilla development results that can be deliberately designed to run optimally on the smartphone, the Fennec Alpha series. Habits such as Mozilla for this, one type of change made as a logo. On this occasion, Mozilla still uses the logo change as this latest web browser. Fennec is the name taken from one type of change that is in the Sahara desert region.
Unfortunately, not all can use a smartphone Fennec. At this time, devoted Fennec on Windows Mobile 6 just after the previous web browser has been tested try to use Nokia Internet Tablet using the Maemo platform. Launch a web browser this is still in alpha stage, because this time the browser is launched only for testing only.
Mozilla is very popular with the web browser they use the add-on feature. Not far from the web browser on their PC, this time they also added a feature add-on on Fennec. With this feature, you can freely modify the program what if you can make browsing more convenient. Features such as download manager, bookmark folder, and CSS-based theme which you can also find on Fennec. To use the engine, which Mozilla uses TraceMonkey JavaScript engine is the latest. In addition, Mozilla also includes Jemalloc which is a memory management library. The advantages that Firefox can open multiple tabs in one window are also included even if it has changed shape in the form of a thumbnail.
Have you ended a task manager and then gotten 30 seconds of countdown before it restarts or shutdowns by itself? Lets say you are trying to end a task of a running virus from your windows task manager."this system is shutting down.please save all your work in progress and log off. Any unsaved changes will be lost..."
To be able to kill the process without getting your system shut down, use the "END PROCESS" from windows Task Manager instead of end process.However, if you're trying to kill a virus process, chances are that it has already disabled your Task manager. When trying to launch Task manager, you get the error "Task manager has been disabled by your administrator".
Instead of trying to restore Task manager from registry, you can download a very useful tool called Process Explorer by Sysinternals(live.sysinternals.com) to do it. Simply right click on the process, and select " Kill Process Tree".
Alternatively, you can use the keyboard shortcut "Shift+Del". No more getting " This system is shutting down" error when trying to kill a virus process.
Google's youtube and universal music group, the world's largest music company, announced last month that they will launch a premium music video website as they bid to increase revenue from YouTube's huge usage.
"The new advertiser-supported site, featuring professional videos, will be called Vevo and is expected to launch in comin months", the companies said.
The deal is a boost for YouTube, which has been under increasing pressure from music labels and publishers who are frustrated that the popular site has been unable to pay higher fees for rights to use their music and videos.
The new site will be a music video hub wholly owned by Universal, a unit of french media group Vivendi. It will feature higher-quality videos, as opposed to the typical grainy and often user-generated videos on YouTube. "The rationale is to help make Vevo a place that brands feel more comfortable with,"said Rio Caraeff, executive vice president of Univarsal's eLabs.
YouTube and Universal Music will share advertising revenue generated by the site.
Both sides are betting that building a premium site will help increase advertising rates. Many big brand owners have avoided advertising alongside YouTube's ad hoc mix of user-generated videos.
Fitting a simple, passive, parabolic reflector around your wireless antenna can focus the signal exactly where you want it. Your network will have better coverage, and the addition can even improve your network security.
1. Download parabola calculator (mscir.tripod.com/parabola) to help you figure out the correct antenna shape.
2. Enter a diameter and depth to represent the maximum size of reflector that your router's antenna(s) can physically accomodate. The software will create a table of points for you to plot onto a graph paper.
3. Cut out the inside of the parabola shape on two pieces of cardboard.
4. Cut a smooth piece of metal to serve as the reflector.
5. Curve the metal into a U-shape around the guides, and glue it in place. Cut small holes into the guides at the focal point, and mount the reflector.
While I often remind people in my workshops that Google is not necessarily the most appropriate search tool, most of us do use Google in the course of our research day.
The following are a few of the techniques and tools I use to make my Google searching more effective or more productive.
Synonym Searching
Google has a limit of 10 words per search [since expanded to 32], which can make it difficult to include all the possible variations on a word. For example, a search for reports on childhood obesity should probably also include the words child, children, kid, kids, youth and family as well as childhood, and the words obese, overweight and fat as well as obesity. Oops! That adds up to 11 possible search terms, and doesn't give you any leeway to include filetype: limitations or other words to narrow the search down to reports. One way to circumvent this limitation is to try Google's synonym search. Add a tilde (~) at the beginning of the words child and obese (~child ~obese), and Google retrieves web sites that use any of those synonyms.
A slider bar lets you specify how much you want the search results sorted by those interests you specified.
Note that this tool works best for common words, and some of the synonyms may be broader than you wish. I needed to search for web sites of elementary school bands, music departments and choirs. I tried a search for ~music, but saw that I was also getting web sites with the words rock, MP3, radio, audio, song, sound, and records -- not really what I had in mind.
Google Personalized
Personalized Google is still in beta, but it's an interesting tool. Once you go to the Google Labs page and select Personalized, you will be sent to a new search page, that includes a link to [Create Profile]. You can specify the type of searching you typically do, ranging from biotech and pharmaceuticals to dentistry to classical music. Click [Save Preferences], and then type your search terms in the Google Personalized search box.
At the search results screen, you will now see something new -- a slider bar that lets you specify how much you want the search results sorted by those interests you specified. The default is minimal personalization; move the slider bar toward maximum, and you will see the search results change on the fly, as Google re-ranks the results based on your personal interests.
Keep in mind that this personalization is only available through the Personalized Google page. If you go to the main Google search page, the personalization option is not available.
Google Shortcuts
As with other search engines, Google has some built-in "answer" features that can sometimes come in handy.
If you type the word "define:" and a word (define:card for example), instead of the usual search results, you will get definitions of that word from a wide range of glossaries, dictionaries and lexicons.
Type a US company's name or stock symbol in the search box, and the first item in the search results page will be a link to current stock quotes for that company, provided by Yahoo Finance.
Type a US area code in the search box, and the first search result will link to a map showing the general coverage area of that area code. I find this particularly useful now that there are over 200 area codes.
See www.google.com/help/features.html for a list of Google's shortcuts.
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